Inside the microwaves lab a Vector Network Analyzer (PNAX manufactured by Agilent Technologies, now Keysight Technologies), together with several millimetric extensions, is used to characterize electromagnetic components and systems, both passive and active, in the frequency band 10 MHz – 170 GHz.

Vector Network Analyzed can be also used, together with a cryogenic chamber, to test devices operated at cryogenic temperature, covering the full range of temperatures from 4 Kelvin to room temperature.